Offer standard web and print canvas formats

The canvas was two spin buttons, so "an Instagram story" or "A4 at 300 dpi"
was a number the user had to work out. src/core/canvas.cpp now holds one
table of standard sizes both front-ends read: a web format is a fixed pixel
size, a print format a sheet in millimetres that becomes pixels at a dpi.
Adding a format is a line in canvasFormats() — the dropdown, --format and
--help all walk the table.

The pixels stay the truth everywhere; renderChain never hears about formats.
A format is the presentation of a canvas, carried alongside the pixels in
Options and Project and empty for a custom size, and where one is named it
decides the pixels — so a project saved as A4 reopens as A4 rather than as
whatever it happened to measure.

In the interface a format fills the width and height in and greys them out
rather than hiding them: the size a sheet works out to is worth seeing. A
print format also shows a DPI row, and Custom hands the spins back keeping
the last size, which makes starting from a format and then tweaking it the
ordinary path.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/cli/options.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <sstream>
 
+#include "core/canvas.hpp"
 #include "core/chain.hpp"
 #include "core/effect.hpp"
 #include "core/registry.hpp"
@@ -74,6 +75,20 @@ Options parseOptions(int argc, char** argv) {
                                   "each side between " + std::to_string(kMinCanvasSide) + " and " +
                                   std::to_string(kMaxCanvasSide));
             }
+        } else if (arg == "--format") {
+            const std::string value = requireValue(argc, argv, i, arg);
+            if (canvasFormatByKey(value) == nullptr) {
+                throw EffectError("unknown canvas format '" + value + "', see --help");
+            }
+            options.format = value;
+        } else if (arg == "--dpi") {
+            const std::string value = requireValue(argc, argv, i, arg);
+            long dpi = 0;
+            if (!parseLong(value, dpi) || dpi < kMinDpi || dpi > kMaxDpi) {
+                throw EffectError("invalid dpi '" + value + "', expected " +
+                                  std::to_string(kMinDpi) + "-" + std::to_string(kMaxDpi));
+            }
+            options.dpi = static_cast<int>(dpi);
         } else if (arg == "--seed") {
             const std::string value = requireValue(argc, argv, i, arg);
             long seed = 0;
@@ -140,6 +155,11 @@ Options parseOptions(int argc, char** argv) {
             options.images.push_back(arg);
         }
     }
+    // Applied once everything is parsed, so --dpi may come before --format and
+    // so a format always wins over an -s given alongside it.
+    if (const auto* format = canvasFormatByKey(options.format)) {
+        canvasFormatSize(*format, options.dpi, options.width, options.height);
+    }
     if (options.effects.empty()) options.effects.push_back(defaultEffectName());
     return options;
 }
@@ -153,10 +173,21 @@ std::string usage(const char* programName) {
         << "  -o, --output FILE     render headlessly to this file and exit\n"
         << "  -s, --size WxH        canvas size, each side " << kMinCanvasSide << "-"
         << kMaxCanvasSide << " (default: 1920x1080)\n"
+        << "      --format NAME     canvas format, overrides --size (see below)\n"
+        << "      --dpi N           resolution of a print format, " << kMinDpi << "-" << kMaxDpi
+        << " (default: " << kDefaultDpi << ")\n"
         << "      --seed N          random seed (default: random)\n"
         << "      --list-effects    list available effects and exit\n"
         << "  -h, --help            show this help and exit\n";
 
+    out << "\nCanvas formats (--format):\n";
+    for (const auto& format : canvasFormats()) {
+        out << "  " << format.key;
+        if (format.key.size() < 20) out << std::string(20 - format.key.size(), ' ');
+        out << "  " << format.label << ", " << canvasFormatDetail(format)
+            << (format.print ? " at --dpi" : "") << "\n";
+    }
+
     for (const auto& effect : effects()) {
         out << "\n" << effect->title() << " options:\n";
         for (const auto& spec : effect->params()) {

src/cli/options.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "core/canvas.hpp"
 #include "core/chain.hpp"
 #include "core/params.hpp"
 
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ struct Options {
     std::string output;              // empty -> launch the interface
     int width = 1920;
     int height = 1080;
+    std::string format;      // a named canvas format, empty for plain pixels
+    int dpi = kDefaultDpi;   // only a print format is rendered at a resolution
     std::optional<std::uint64_t> seed;
     ParamValues params;              // only the keys the user actually passed
     bool listEffects = false;